Medical textiles are one of the most innovative and technologically advanced varieties of textiles. In the field of application, there are four main categories: the first category is surgical implantable textiles such as sutures, artificial blood vessels, prosthetic heart valves, artificial joints, etc. The second category is surgical non-implantable textiles such as bandages. , gauze, etc.; the third category is artificial organs, such as artificial kidneys, artificial heart and lungs, etc.; the fourth category is health and hygiene products, such as medical sheets, surgical gowns, surgical masks, isolation sheets, diapers, sanitary napkins, adult incontinence pads, etc. . At present, domestic medical textiles are mainly used in the second and fourth categories. The first and third categories are those with higher technological content. Although there is a certain amount of domestic production, they are still less competitive than some famous foreign brands. Currently, it mainly relies on imports. For safety reasons, hospitals often choose foreign brands, such as medical textiles produced by DuPont, Procter & Gamble, and Johnson & Johnson.
Medical textiles must be non-toxic, non-allergenic, non-carcinogenic, and should not undergo any change in physical or chemical properties during sterilization. The most commonly used natural fibers are cotton, silk, and regenerated fiber viscose rayon, which are widely used as non-graft materials (wound dressings, bandages, etc.) and health care products (bedding, clothing, diapers, sanitary napkins, wipes, etc.) Commonly used chemical fibers include polyester, polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polypropylene, carbon fiber, and glass fiber.
Compared with traditional pure cotton woven medical textiles, medical nonwovens have high bacteria, dust filterability, low surgical infection rate, convenient sterilization and sterilization, and are easy to compound with other materials. As a disposable medical product, non-woven products not only use sanitary convenience, but also effectively prevent bacterial infections and medical treatment. According to the foreign comparison of medical cotton fabrics and medical nonwovens, the former was 6.41%, and the latter was only 2.27%. Japan conducted tests on the bacterial permeability of two types of medical textiles. The results showed that more than 5,000 bacteria penetrated through the fabric in only 3 minutes, and only a small amount of bacteria passed through the nonwoven fabric after 20 hours.
There are two main types of new medical textile material technologies that have been included in the textile industry's "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" scientific and technological research projects: First, the development of artificial kidneys; second, the research and development of anti-mosquito textiles. The key technology to be solved in the development of artificial kidneys is to use polysulfone and polyacrylonitrile as raw materials, hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes made by hollow spinning, and then assembled into dialyzers; Products, but the degree of composite spinning technology is not high.
According to experts from the China Industrial Textiles Industry Association, medical textiles are based on materials and innovative industries based on fabrics. With the diversification of the demand for medical textiles and the rapid rise of new textile materials and technologies, medical textiles are an area with great potential for development.
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