[China Glass Network] Human society has been using glass for thousands of years, but for more than 1,000 years, the development of architectural glass materials has been slow. With the development of modern science and technology and glass technology and the improvement of people's living standards, the function of architectural glass is no longer just to meet the lighting requirements, but to have the ability to adjust light, heat insulation, safety (bulletproof, anti-theft, fire, prevention) Radiation, anti-electromagnetic interference), art decoration and other characteristics. With the continuous development of demand, glass forming and processing methods have also developed. Now, new technology glass such as interlayer, tempering, ion exchange, glazed decoration, chemical thermal decomposition and cathode sputtering has been developed, which makes the use of glass in buildings rapidly increase, becoming the third largest building after cement and steel. material. What are the characteristics of architectural glass? The following is an introduction to the characteristics and applications of the main products of architectural glass.
Building glass 1, ordinary flat glass
(1) Definition and classification of flat glass The ordinary flat glass can be divided into vertical lead glass and flat pull glass according to its manufacturing process. The vertical lead-in production process is a process of vertically drawing a molten glass liquid to produce flat glass; the flat pull method is a method of producing flat glass by means of horizontally drawing a glass liquid. The raw material preparation and melting process of the flat-drawing process is the same as the vertical lead-up process, except that the forming and annealing processes are different. Compared with the vertical lead-up method, the flat pull method has the advantages of good glass quality, short production cycle and fast drawing speed. The production efficiency is high, but its main disadvantage is that the glass surface is prone to pitting.
(2) Characteristics and application of flat glass The flat glass is mainly used to produce thin glass with a thickness of less than 5 mm, and its flatness and thickness difference are relatively poor. Its uses include: door and window glass for ordinary civil buildings; after sandblasting, engraving, corrosion, etc., it can be made into screens, blackboards, partitions, etc.; good quality, can also be used as some deep-processed glass products. Original glass (ie raw material glass).
2, float glass
(1) Float glass definition and production process Flat glass produced by the float process is called float glass. The float process is: molten glass continuously flows from the furnace into the molten metal tin bath protected by the protective atmosphere. Due to the different density of the molten liquid and the tin liquid, the molten glass floats on the surface of the tin liquid due to gravity and The combination of the surface tension of the liquid causes the molten glass to freely flatten on the surface of the tin liquid, thereby becoming a flat glass belt with a uniform surface and a uniform thickness, and is moved toward the rear of the tin bath by an external force pulling action. During the movement, the transition roller table is introduced after being polished, thinned, cooled, and hardened from the flame above the top of the furnace. The roller rotates the glass ribbon into the annealing kiln, that is, the function is over-cooled, annealed, and cut to form a flat glass product.
(2) Characteristics of float glass and application The thickness uniformity of float glass is good, pure and transparent. Through the smooth action of the tin surface and the flame polishing effect, the glass surface is smooth and tidy, the flatness is good, and the optical performance is excellent. The decorative characteristics of float glass are transparent, bright and pure. The indoor light is bright and the field of view is wide. It can be applied to ordinary building doors and windows. It is the preferred material for natural lighting of buildings. It is widely used in all buildings and is used in architectural glass. Large, is also an important original film in the glass deep processing industry. Especially the ultra-white float glass, its transparency and purity are even more complex.
3, safety glass
(1) Definition and type of safety glass On December 4, 2003, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Construction, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the State Administration for Industry and Commerce jointly issued the “Regulations on the Administration of Building Safety Glass†(implemented on January 1, 2004). ). The term "safety glass" as used in these Regulations refers to tempered glass, laminated glass and other glass products processed by combination of tempered glass or laminated glass, such as safety insulating glass. Monolithic semi-tempered glass (heat-reinforced glass), single-piece wired glass is not a safety glass.
(2) Requirements for the use of safety glass The building shall be inspected on site according to the “Regulations for the Safety of Building Glassâ€. The following parts of the building that require glass as the building material must use safety glass:
(1) Opening windows outside the 7th and 7th floors;
(2) Floor-to-ceiling windows with an area of ​​more than 1.5 m2 and a bottom edge of the glass that is less than 500 mm from the final finish;
(3) Curtain wall (except for all glass curtains);
(4) Tilting assembly windows, various ceilings (including skylights, lighting roofs), ceilings; (5) sightseeing elevators and their peripheral protection; (6) indoor partitions, bathroom enclosures and screens;
(7) Stairs, balconies, slabs of platform corridors and abutments in the atrium; (8) floor panels for pedestrians; (9) observation windows and observation holes for aquariums and swimming pools; (10) public buildings Entrances, entrance halls, etc.;
(11) Other parts that are subject to impact and impact and cause human injury. (refers to the "Glass Technical Specifications for Building Glass" JGJll3 and the "Glass Curtain Wall Engineering Technical Specifications" JGJ102.
4. Tempered glass and semi-tempered glass
(1) Definition and classification of tempered glass Tempered glass: glass after heat treatment. It is characterized by the formation of a compressive stress layer on the surface of the glass, which is improved in mechanical strength and thermal shock resistance, and has a special fragment state. The tempered glass is uniformly heated to a softening temperature by the original glass sheet, and then immediately and rapidly cooled, thereby forming a compressive stress on the surface of the glass, thereby improving the mechanical strength and the thermal shock resistance of the glass.
According to the cooling medium, tempered glass can be divided into physical tempering and chemical tempering; according to the production method, it can be divided into vertical hanging, horizontal tempering and air cushion tempering; according to the varieties, it can be divided into plane tempering, curved tempering and regional tempering. Planar tempered glass is mainly used for building doors and windows, partition walls, etc. Curved tempered glass is mainly used for automotive window glass. Semi-tempered glass is mainly used for glass windows in greenhouses, greenhouses, partition walls, etc. Regional tempered glass is mainly used in automotive windshields and special places where safety and heat resistance are required.
(2) Characteristics and use of tempered glass The characteristics of tempered glass mainly include the following:
Tempered glass has a high mechanical impact strength. The impact strength of tempered glass is 3 to 5 times that of ordinary retarded glass; the bending strength is 2.5 times that of ordinary glass.
The tempered glass has good thermal stability. Tempered glass can withstand a temperature range of 250 to 320 ° C, and ordinary flat glass is only 70 to 100 ° C
safety. Tempered glass has high strength and is less likely to break when impacted by external force. At the same time, tempered glass has a good debris turret, which greatly reduces the damage caused by glass fragments.
Once the tempered glass is made, no further cold working can be done. Tempered glass has a "self-explosive" property.
Due to its high mechanical strength and safety after crushing, tempered glass is often used in the construction industry for curtain walls, doors, windows, escalator fences, etc. However, tempered glass should not be used alone in the ceiling and skylight structure. Once the glass rupture, the “glass rain†may cause harm to the following people. In this case, it is generally used as laminated glass. Once again, tempered glass will be deformed during the production process, affecting optical performance, which is limited in the application of the curtain wall for the image effect.
(3) Characteristics and application of semi-tempered glass According to the degree of tempering of glass, tempered glass can be divided into tempered glass, semi-tempered glass and regional tempered glass. Semi-tempered glass is a glass type between ordinary flat glass and tempered glass, and the surface stress is between 24 and 69 MPa. It has some advantages of tempered glass, such as higher strength than ordinary glass, while avoiding the poor flatness of tempered glass, easy to self-explosion, and once broken, the overall smashing is not as good as the weak point. When the semi-tempered glass breaks, it radially radial cracks along the crack source, generally no tangential crack propagation, so the whole can not remain collapsed after the damage. Semi-tempered glass is suitable for curtain wall and exterior window in buildings. It can be made into tempered coated glass, and its image distortion is better than tempered glass. However, it should be noted that semi-tempered glass is not included in the safety glass range. As it is broken, there are still sharp fragments that may injure people and cannot be used in skylights and occasions where human impact may occur. The surface compressive stress of semi-tempered glass is between 24MPa and 52MPa, and the surface pressure of tempered glass should be greater than 69MPa. The production process of semi-tempered glass is the same as that of tempered glass. The wind pressure is different only in the quenching station, and the cooling energy is smaller than that of tempered glass.
5, laminated glass
(1) Laminated glass definition and classification laminated glass: is made of two or more pieces of glass, between one or more layers of organic polymer interlayer film, such as PVB, EVA, SGP, etc., in high pressure and other equipment through high pressure and After high temperature treatment, the glass and the intermediate film are bonded together for a long time as a composite glass product.
The classification of laminated glass mainly includes the following:
Classified by shape: flat laminated glass and curved laminated glass.
Classified according to the use: laminated glass for construction and laminated glass for vehicles. According to the different classification of the selected intermediate film: ordinary colorless transparent laminated glass, color, decorative laminated glass and functional laminated glass.
According to the different types of glass selected: float laminated glass, tempered laminated glass, heat-reinforced laminated glass, coated laminated glass, glazed laminated glass, etc.
(2) Characteristics of laminated glass and application of laminated glass. High degree of safety: When damaged by external force, only cracks are generated, no debris is scattered, and no damage is caused to humans or objects. ï¶
Good sound insulation: The laminated glass interlayer film has a sound absorbing function, which just compensates for the weaker frequency of the glass reflection sound, and the sound insulation performance of the entire laminated glass is obviously improved. ï¶
Anti-UV function: The interlayer film material is added with UV absorber, which causes the laminated glass to block the passage of UV rays and prevent the fading and aging of interior decorations and furniture. ï¶
Precaution: Destroying laminated glass is more difficult and time consuming than destroying ordinary single-piece glass. It is a very good preventive effect against the crime of forcibly breaking windows. ï¶
Bulletproof and explosion-proof: The combination of different types and thickness of intermediate film and glass can be made into different grades of bulletproof glass and different grades of explosion-proof glass.
Decorative: Select an intermediate film of various colors or combine with different decorative materials to form a decorative laminated glass.
Laminated glass has good impact strength and safety of use, so it is suitable for all types of buildings, as follows:
Building regulations require the use of safety glass. Such as glass curtain wall, lighting roof, floor and stairs and handrails; stations, airports and other places with special requirements for sound insulation; banks, museums and exhibition halls need high-prevention level places; vehicles, ships, aircraft and other means of windshield Glass; interior decoration and furniture glass; other special occasions. For example, animal exhibition halls, etc.
6, insulating glass
(1) Definition and application of insulating glass Insulating glass unit: Two or more sheets of glass are effectively supported to be evenly spaced and sealed at the periphery to form a product having a dry gas space between the glass layers.
Because insulating glass has the advantages of heat insulation, sound insulation, anti-condensation, anti-cold radiation, convenient construction, etc., it has been widely used in industrial and civil buildings for doors, windows, curtain walls, fences, skylights and translucent roofs. It can be used for doors and windows of trains, cars, and ships.
(2) Insulating glass characteristics a Insulation: The superior performance of insulating glass is thermal insulation and thermal insulation. When a single-story window is used in a building, the sunlight that is irradiated in the summer will have a greenhouse effect, that is, the sunlight that is irradiated onto the glass is partially reflected off, and a part of the incident temperature rises. In winter, due to the high thermal conductivity of the glass, the single-layer window acts as a heat sink. The insulating glass can reduce the conduction heat transfer and reduce the convective heat transfer and radiation heat transfer.
b sound insulation, insulating glass has excellent sound insulation performance, its sound insulation effect is usually related to the type of noise and sound intensity, generally can reduce the noise by 30 ~ 44dB, the traffic noise can be reduced by 3l ~ 38dB, that is, the street car can be The noise is reduced to the level of quiet required by the school classroom.
c energy saving.
d Anti-condensation: The insulating glass has larger thermal resistance than ordinary single-layer glass, which can reduce the condensation temperature, and the inside of the insulating glass is sealed, the moisture of the space is absorbed by the desiccant, and the dew condensation water does not appear in the air layer.
7, coated glass
(1) Definition and classification of coated glass Coated glass is commonly known as heat reflective glass, including two types of solar control coated glass and low-emission coated glass (Low-E) glass. The principle of coating formation is to plate a metal or metal oxide/nitride film on the surface of the original sheet glass to reduce the shielding factor of the glass. Also known as low-emissivity glass, "Low-E" glass (lowemissivitycoatedglass) is a coated glass with a high reflectance for far-infrared rays with a wavelength range of 4.5μm to 25μm. Low-emission coated glass can also be combined with solar control functions called solar-controlled low-emissivity glass.
There are two series of coated glass, one is on-line coated glass, also known as vapor-evaporated coated glass; the other is off-line coated glass, also known as magnetron sputter coated glass.
(2) Characteristics of coated glass The characteristics of on-line vapor phase evaporation coating glass are long-lasting/damage resistance, no production process limitation; tempering, cutting, hot bending and other secondary processing; no problem of edge removal and sealing compatibility Magnetron sputter coated glass is characterized by a wide range of product properties and applications; the sputtering process requires employees to have good operating habits; the edges need to be removed during the secondary processing; the sealant used in the synthesis of insulating glass must be combined with the film Compatible; can be made of tempered glass to make tempered coated glass, most of which can not be directly used for tempering; most can not be processed in different places, but must be processed as soon as possible after the production of coated glass.
8, film glass
(1) Foil glass A glass in which an organic polymer film material is adhered to the surface of the glass is called a film glass.
(2) Foil glass characteristic film layer can increase the color of glass, adjust the reflectivity, prevent debris from splashing, maintain the integrity of the glass, and improve the safety of the glass.
The film glass has a one-way transparency of the line of sight, ensuring the visibility of the people inside the building, and blocking the view of the building outside the building, so it is also called the privacy film. It is now common to apply to buildings.
Sunlight control glass film can prevent the passage of heat in sunlight, saving indoor refrigeration costs and saving energy compared to transparent glass.
NINGBO NINGSHING TRADING GROUP INC. is a group generally concentrating on international profession.
The firm has actually been back to back detailed in "TOP 500 Import & Export Companies" in China.
We are focusing on worldwide trading, manufacturing, R&D for integration of Sanitary and Plumbing products.
Our commodities included kitchen sink faucet, valves, fittings, bathroom accessories, shower mixer taps, and so on.
By our experience in sanitary ware area for more than 25 years, we have a good partnership with greater than 100 dependable factories as our manufacturing base for various type of Bath Shower Mixer Taps.
Following the slogan of "Quality first, Clients utmost" we will certainly complete our solution policy and also quality control common to provide better competitive costs to our clients.
We wish to develop mutually valuable company with our clients.
The R&D team was established in 2010 with high qualified as well as experienced engineers, we can give OEM/ODM services.
1. With greater than ten years experience in R&D of Basin Mixer Tap
2. Comprehensive understanding of various country requirement
3. Efficiently utilize Coreldraw and also Photoshop for loading design
bathtub shower faucet, shower faucet set, wall mount bathroom faucet, bathroom shower faucets
Ningbo Ningshing Trading Group Inc. , https://www.ningshingonline.com