| The international standards for textiles and garments are mostly based on basic standards and test method standards, and there are few product standards that everyone is concerned about. Most of the product standards for textiles and apparel are the buyers' standards for international buyers in the process of buying high-quality products. The main buyers of textile and apparel exports in China are concentrated in the European Union, the United States and Japan, so they are familiar with the United States, the European Union and Japan. Competent authorities and standards are especially important.  European, American, Japanese and other foreign target textile and clothing quality authorities and related regulations and standards  1.1 EU textile clothing testing standards  There is no special standard-setting body in the EU. The CEN (EU Standardization Committee) mainly implements international standards, coordinates the standards of each member state and formulates the necessary CEN (European standards). Most of the CEN standards are the same as the ISO standards.  EU member states have their own regulations and standards, and the laws and regulations that are unified with the EU are slightly different in terms of technical requirements and conditions. As one of the birthplaces of modern textile industry, the UK's textile standard system has a set of (BSBN) standard system in addition to the fairly complete British Standard (CBS). The German standard (DIN) is also quite severe and complete, and the current standards for the control of hazardous substances are derived from the DIN standard.  1.2 US product quality authority and testing standards  US textile quality authorities and standards are: AATCC standards (American Textile Dyers and Chemists Association), ASTM standards (American Materials Testing Co-organizer), CPSC (United States Federal Consumer Product Safety Commission) and FTC mandatory standards (US federal trade) Committee). In addition, the United States has a number of technical regulations on textiles and garments: textile fiber product identification law, wool product labeling law, fur product labeling law, fair packaging and labeling method, fabric flammability regulations, children's burning regulations, and down product processing regulations. and many more.  The United States is a relatively mature market. A very important issue facing the US market is product quality certification. In other words, the key to whether a product can be circulated in the United States is whether the product can be licensed by the US authoritative testing department. There are two common certification standards for American textile and apparel products.  (1) FTC rules  The FTC (Federal Trade Committee) is an abbreviation of the US Federal Trade Commission. FTC requires textiles exported to the United States to be marked with ingredients and protective labels, and to restrict access to the US market for textiles containing ingredients not approved by FTC. The FTC will also analyze the composition of the textile to determine whether the composition report provided is consistent with the actual results.  (2) INTER testing center (textile/clothing)  The 0NTER Testing Center performs physical testing of textiles and garments such as fiber, chemical composition, elasticity, maintenance, flammability, coloring, fading, other chemical damage and import quotas.  In January 2000, the American Standards Consulting Center and the China Trade Promotion Association negotiated and reached an agreement. The three authoritative laboratories affiliated with the United States authorized the Global Business Information Corporation of the Trade Promotion Association to apply for the US standard testing and certification business in Beijing. The products involved are food, medicine, health care products, cosmetics, textiles and electronic products. In this way, Chinese enterprises can handle the US standard testing business without leaving the country.  1.3 Japanese textile and apparel testing standards and technical regulations  Japan is very "truthful" about the quality of textiles and clothing. Japanese consumers are known as "extremely picky." Japanese consumers are already demanding the quality of clothing. Therefore, Japanese traders are also very demanding on the quality of their apparel. . In the current Japanese textile market, about 70% of the products are produced in China, and most of the imported goods are at medium and low prices. When these goods enter Japan, the traders will have a strict set of product quality standards. The basis for the audit can be divided into three specifications: Japanese Industrial Standard (JISL), Product Liability Law (p/L method) and product quality standard judgment. Relevant enterprises in China should have some understanding of this.  (1) Japanese Industrial Standards (JIsl. Regulations)  This regulation stipulates various standards and methods for textile quality testing, with detailed safety and functional standards. For example, in the JISL0217 regulations, there are clear descriptions of the requirements for the handling of textile products, such as markings, warnings, size, composition, and origin.  (2) Product Liability Law (P/L Law)  The manufacturer shall be responsible for the loss of life or property to the consumer due to poor manufacturing of the product; if the product itself is damaged, no damage will be caused to others or articles; no damage will be pursued due to poor manufacture or production of the product. When the accident caused by the accident causes damage to the consumer, the manufacturer shall compensate the manufacturer after the confirmation; there are design problems (such as materials, specifications, processing, etc.) in the quality of the product, and problems in the manufacturing process (such as residual Damage caused by the damage caused by the substance or the residual of the formalin agent, etc.), and the problem of unclear labeling (such as the damage caused by the consumer not knowing the product due to not indicating the precautions and warnings to remind the consumer) Wait).  (3) Determination of product quality standards  Japanese sellers can generally be divided into large department stores, hypermarkets, chain stores, mail order merchants, and trading companies that directly supply suppliers. General sellers will report to the upstream manufacturing industry based on the above two regulations and the various complaints of Japanese consumers about the quality of goods, and then integrate the internal demand of the manufacturing industry, continuously update the product or increase the excellent rate to a certain level. The standard.  In terms of quality standards, it is generally targeted at various types of textiles or apparel products, such as physical properties, dye fastness, product specifications, safety (whether the drug residue will be injured by accidental service, etc.), product appearance, sewing, etc. It is tested in one aspect. Physical properties include dimensional change, shrinkage, tensile strength, burst strength, Young's modulus (elasticity, expansion coefficient), anti-pilling, fluff retention, water resistance, hydrophilicity, wrinkle resistance, and the like. Fastness to dyeing includes fastness to sunlight, washing, rubbing, dry cleaning, sublimation, and the like. Special functional properties: moisture absorption and quick drying, antibacterial and deodorant, anti-ultraviolet rays, far infrared warmth, form stability and so on. Product specifications include ingredients, density, counts, etc. Product safety includes formaldehyde (formalin) content, residual drug amount, pH, and flammability. Sewing and appearance include hanging tag, washing logo and so on. When these trading companies or companies import textile and apparel products from China, they will establish a set of quality testing standards, and require manufacturers to obtain qualified certification or authorization from designated quality testing institutions (such as inspection companies) before they are allowed to list in Japan. Sales. In addition, Japan's inspection of broken needles is strict, because the Japanese government's legislation on consumer rights protection laws and regulations stipulates that heavy penalties for producers and sellers who have broken needles on textiles and clothing. Based on these requirements, in addition to the trend of adapting to the world in production and strengthening the quality of products, in the market certification, the introduction of new cloth or new processing technology (such as negative ion processing), should also put forward the corresponding market as soon as possible. Approved inspection standards and inspection specifications to improve the grade of the product.  |
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